SCIENCES DE LA SOCIÉTÉ
-
N° 58 - février 2003
University
and governance
Dossier
coordonné par Jean-Louis
DARRÉON et Daniel FILÂTRE
Jean-Louis DARRÉON, University at the risk of governance?
Christine MUSSELIN,
Stéphanie MIGNOT-GÉRARD,
Towards autonomy, but with measured steps
José ROSE,
The slow assertion of university-policies or the
university art of the patchwork
François-Xavier FORT, The contract policy, a tool for the reinforcement of
university autonomy
Daniel FILÂTRE, Christelle MANIFET, University and territory : new relations, new challenges
Patrick LAURENS,
Communication against
education ? The problematic of training evaluation by students
at university
Jean-Yves LEROUX,
The professional degree
and the future of universities
Jean-Émile CHARLIER, Frédéric
MONS, Managing universities in French-speaking Belgium
Jean BERNATCHEZ,
The Quebec experiment
in the agreement of contracts of performance between the State
and the universities
Cécile DEER, The political changes and the evolution of practice
in university governance in England
CHRONIQUE
Jean CAUNE,
Culture and information
and communication sciences
(1) Epistemologic
markers and cross-theories
Christine
MUSSELIN, Stéphanie MIGNOT-GÉRARD, Towards autonomy, but
with measured steps
Abstract
Comparing
the results of field studies led in the 80s' on the government
of French universities with the conclusions of a more recent research
on the same issue, the two authors point out the in-depth andimportant
transformations experienced by these French higher education institutions
and their move towards more autonomous managementstyles. But they
also identify remaining obstacles which do notchallenge the mutation
in process but slow it down and lead tothe conclusion that autonomy
is developing but with measured steps.
Keywords:
French universities, governement, autonomy, change, leadership.
.
José
ROSE,
The slow assertion of university-policies or the university
art of the patchwork
Abstract
Startingfrom
recent publications and from my personal experience as amember
of a university management team, this essay investigatesthe implemention
of a university policy. Three evaluation criteriaare to be distinguished
: autonomy, independence and consistency.They are not easy to
implement as decisions are made at a greatnumber of levels and
by numerous governing bodies, especiallyat faculty and academic
field levels. Nevertheless, such universitypolicies can be set
up by using available incentive tools suchas the university project
whose major source of interest is toplace priorities on the fore
front.
Keywords:
University, decision, organization, power, government.
François-Xavier
FORT,The contract policy, a tool for the reinforcement
of university autonomy
Abstract
Since 1989, the Government has usedagreements
in the relationship between universities and the Ministryof education.
An agreement allows a negotiated implementationof service of university
autonomy. The contract policy is nowthe symbol of a greater liberty
for French universities. Agreementsbetween the State and universities
appear to be an adequate solutionin front of current challenges.
This solution introduces new methods,negotiation and dialogue.
So, universities have now more freedomto define their own future.
Keywords : Universities, autonomy,contractualism,
liability, univesity policy, univesity project.
Daniel FILÂTRE, Christelle MANIFET, University
and territory : new relations, new challenges
Abstract
Based on the recent university developmentof
the French middle-sized towns, this article deals with thequestion
of university government. The argument explains thatthe meeting
between university and territory forces the universitygovernment
to be in keeping with a double logic : a logic of externalcooperation
and a logic of internal structuration. To argue aboutthis idea,
the study first analyses the history and consequencesof the process
of "territorialisation" in French universities,in its
historical funds and consequences. Then, this process hasto be
linked with the general debate of the dynamics of changein public
policy in Europe. In this respect, the question of universitygovernment
could be approach as a problem of local governance.This model
of governance based on new forms of partenarial runningemphasises
the capacity of universities to govern themselves.
Keywords : universities, territory,
governance, local governance, paternarial running.
Patrick LAURENS, Communication
against education ? The problematic of training evaluation by
students at university
Abstract
The basic hypothesis of this paperis
the existence of a communicational mutation of organizationsthat
calls into question classical forms of authority. From thisapproach,
we propose an interpretation of current debates aboutuniversity.
The communicational mutation at university is particularlycharacterized
by new attention provided to the training processwhich is increasingly
viewed as the production of a service. Thisevolution questions
the authority of the teacher traditionnallyfounded on the transmission
of disciplinary erudite knowledge.The example of the implementation
of course evaluation by studentsshows these transformations of
the system regulation mode.
Keywords : Communication, education,
training evaluation, authority.
Jean-Yves LEROUX, The
professional degree and the future of universities
Abstract
This paper provides an economic
analysis of the recent changes in the training supply of the universities.The
purpose is to highlight, through the example of the recentlycreated
professional degree, the meaning of these changes andto understand
their impact on students and on university mangement.
Keywords : vocational training,
bachelor professionnal degree, demand side, supply side, agencycosts.
Jean-Émile
CHARLIER, Frédéric MONS,Managing
universities in French-speaking Belgium
Abstract
The principles
of good management promoted by governance lead to a homogenisation
of the running modes of public affairs. In French-speaking Belgiumuniversity
education is usually regulated by political logicswhose objective
is to preserve the diversity of sensitivitiesthanks to a variety
of networks and a number of autonomous operators.Because of constraints
that are external to the system mainlyfinancial or due to
international harmonisation instrumentallogics are replacing
these political management methods. Therefollows a remote governance,
which imposes the questioning oftheir validity for the benefit
of market logics by the operatorsthemselves, who have traditionally
managed these balances.
Keywords:
Belgium, competition, governance, pillarization, sociology, university.
JeanBERNATCHEZ, The
Quebec experiment in the agreement of contracts of performance
between the State and the universities
Abstract
The contract of performance is intended to become a key instrument
in the reform of public management. Through this instrument, theMinistry
of Education of Quebec and the universities in Quebecentered into
a joint venture for the realization of an injectionof funds. The
article defines all functional aspects of this contractof performance
and portrays the relations between the Quebec Governmentand the
universities. It also proposes an analysis of this experiment,defined
as one of the aspects of policy of the Quebec Governmentin regard
to universities. Two complementary approaches in additionto the
analysis of the policies make it possible to consider,at the same
time, the logics distal (the reference frame) andproximal (dynamics)
which conditioned the achievement of thispolicy.
Keywords : contract of performance,
universities, Quebec, policy analysis, neoliberalism.
Cécile
DEER,
The political changes
and the evolution of practice in university governance in England
Abstract
This article attempts to reintegrate
both the notion of university governance and recent evolutions
in practice in this area into a more general understanding ofthe
political and social reforms which have taken place in Englandover
the last twenty years. Beyond seeking to establish parallelsbetween
or underline shared characteristics among different areasof national
politics during the period (e.g. privatisations, centralisation)the
article tries to show how these different political, economic
and social evolutions have interacted to explain the nature of
the university reforms which have taken place as well as their
implications.
Keywords : Universities, England,
governance, reforms.
Jean CAUNE, Culture
and information and communication sciences (1) Epistemologic markers and cross-theories
Abstract
Esta crónica
(n° 58, 59, 60 ) indica como las ciencias de la información
y de la comunicación pueden ayudar a la descripción
y al entendimiento de los fenómenos culturales en sus cambios
y ademas sus tensiones dentro de una sociedad dedicada a la globalización
de los intercambios y a la industrialización de la cultura.En
primer lugar fueron examinados los fenómenos culturales
a partir de los discursos que conjugan objetos, condiciones de
emergencia en el espacio público, conceptos que les aclaran
y temas que les difunden. En segun lugar fué puesto en
tela de juiciola legitimació de las políticas de
dermocratización. Mientras que el arte padece de una falta
de definición que su género se vuelve indefinido,
que la estética se separa del artístico y se difunde
en el conjunto de las actividades sociales, la administración
de la cultura en su estabilidad y su evolución continua
a intrumentalizar el arte a partir de categorías entorpecidas.
Por fin hemos examinadode que manera la construcció de
sí mismo y su lazo al otro implica la toma en cuenta de
la dimensión dialógica de sujeto. Los actos de palabra
y las expresiones de lenguaje se desplegan en un espacio-tiempo
propuesto por la creación artística transformado
por las tecnologías y regulado por las redes. Sin embargo,
la identidad cultural se mantiene dentro de la tensión
entre singularidad y universalidad ; se establece en la diversidad
de los relatos y de su recepción.
Palabras claves
: fenómenos culturales, arte, objetos, conceptos, estética,
comunicación, espacio público, singularidad, universalidad.